• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for processing a workpiece with a beam, wherein by means of the beam structure-borne sound waves (12) in the workpiece (3) and with a sensor (16) the structure-borne sound waves (12) are detected and that the beam during processing dynamically on an arbitrary point the surface of the workpiece (3) is deflected and the deflected beam (4a) generates the heat point (11) on the workpiece (3) and thus the structure-borne sound waves (12).
    公开号:AT520842A1
    申请号:T442/2017
    申请日:2017-11-13
    公开日:2019-08-15
    发明作者:Reuter Guido；Sehrschön Harald
    申请人:Reuter Guido；Harald Sehrschoen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    Method for processing a workpiece with a beam, the beam (4) being used to generate a heat point (11) on the workpiece (3) and so structure-borne sound waves (12) in the workpiece (3) and the structure-borne sound waves (12) with a sensor (16) can be detected.
    Fig. 1
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    The invention relates to a method and a device for processing a workpiece with a beam of high energy density, such as a beam processing machine, in particular for beam welding.
    A large number of industrial beam processing machines, especially for welding processes, especially those of the beam welding process, use a wide variety of sensors to detect the welding gap and to regulate the beam guidance in order to achieve the necessary quality and characteristics of the welded joint or the processing of a workpiece with a beam.
    Machining a workpiece with a beam is understood to mean beam welding, such as laser beam welding, electron beam welding or plasma beam welding. In addition to joining workpiece parts, Welters also means beam cutting for cutting as machining, in particular electron beam cutting, laser beam cutting and plasma beam cutting or beam drilling, in particular electron beam drilling and laser beam drilling while machining a workpiece with a beam. Deposition welding, for example plasma jet spraying or the surface modification of a workpiece with a beam, are also classified here. The processing can be carried out with the addition of a filler material, in particular a filler metal. For example, the filler materials can also be ceramic particles or hard materials that are dispersed in the surface and in layers near the surface. Solders are also to be understood as filler materials.
    A large number of methods for guiding the beam during beam welding are known from the prior art. Such is described in EP0770445B1. A disadvantage of this method is the need for two sensors to be carried out. This makes the process more complex. The method also does not disclose any signal information that suggests the quality of the welded connection.
    Further prior art is known for example from JPH04143084 (A). The device and the method teach the use of an ultrasound test head for determining the weld seam quality. A disadvantage of this device and method is the coupling of the ultrasound test head for generating the ultrasound in the workpiece and simultaneous detection of the reflected signal.
    Further prior art is known for example from DE102010005896A1. The device and the method teach the use of a laser welding robot and a method for detecting the focal point by means of imaging methods and the use of detectors for determining the position of the joining gap, as well as the control of the laser beam. However, the known method only provides information about the surface configuration and position of the beam weld connection.
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    The object of the method and the device according to the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an economical method for machining a workpiece with a beam.
    This object is achieved by a method according to the claims.
    The method according to the invention is a method for machining a workpiece with a beam, the beam generating a heat point on the workpiece and thus structure-borne sound waves in the workpiece and the structure-borne sound waves being detected with a sensor.
    It is advantageous if the method according to the invention comprises the steps of (i) positioning a workpiece for processing by one or more beams, or positioning at least two workpiece parts for processing by one or more beams for shaping beam processing, in particular beam welding or soldering connection (ii) guiding the beam and / or the workpiece or the workpiece parts and deflecting the beam to generate local heating on the workpiece surface to generate structure-borne noise in the workpiece (iii) measuring the generated surface movement of the structure-borne noise of the workpiece with a sensor
    The method according to the invention has the essential advantage that for the excitation of structure-borne noise, a high-energy beam that is almost massless can be guided to any point on the workpiece in a highly dynamic manner, thus not only generating frequencies that are orthogonal to the surface as with a pulse hammer or piezo crystal with the defined frequency. Rather, one or more structure-borne sound waves propagating from the point and also surface waves, such as longitudinally oscillating and transversely oscillating waves, are reached over a very wide frequency spectrum, depending on the duration of the heat pulse. The method can also be carried out in such a way that one and the same point is excited cyclically. Certain structure-borne sound wave patterns can be achieved in this way. Likewise, the structure-borne noise can be excited in line form by the method according to the invention.
    In all cases, the enormous advantage of contactless excitation of structure-borne noise is essential, so excitation takes place without coupling medium, which can also be used in a vacuum, for example in electron beam welding devices.
    Another advantage is the wide freedom of the surface structure for excitation. Piezo crystals place high demands on the quality of the surface without coupling medium. In contrast, in the method according to the invention, both smooth and rough, for example unprocessed surfaces such as cast surfaces or roughly sawn surfaces can be used. Structures such as ribs, engravings or similar raised as well as recessed shaped elements do not interfere with the process.
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    The device according to the invention comprises a beam processing machine for processing a workpiece by beam and / or welding at least two workpiece parts, a beam guiding mechanism for guiding the beam and / or at least one movement axis for moving the workpiece and / or the at least two workpiece parts and a sensor for detection the surface movement due to structure-borne noise.
    The embodiment according to the invention can also be a beam welding device for processing a workpiece by two or more beams or at least two workpiece parts. Such a beam processing machine can have two or more beam guiding mechanisms for guiding the beams and / or one or more movement axes for moving the workpiece and / or the at least two workpiece parts and one or more sensors for detecting the surface movement by structure-borne noise.
    With the above-mentioned device and the method mentioned at the outset, it is possible in one form to guide the beam in a highly dynamic manner and thus to process a workpiece, while the beam is used to locally heat the surface while the beam is being processed. Due to the local thermal expansion, structure-borne noise is generated in the workpiece part. The structure-borne noise spreads through the workpiece and on the surface and is thrown back at interfaces, thereby generating surface movements, for example the back wall echo. The surface movements are detected with a sensor. The evaluation of the detected surface movement signal provides information about the geometry of the workpiece and / or the quality of the machined workpiece. Likewise, this does not exist, or the weakening of an expected surface movement provides information about the extent of the workpiece machining by the jet or the workpiece. In the simplest case, the sensor signal is monitored by operators on a display, such as analog on an oscilloscope, or digitized on a display.
    With the above-mentioned device and the method mentioned at the outset, it is also possible not only to machine a workpiece but also to form a welded or soldered connection on at least two workpiece parts by means of the beam. The welded connection can have a certain geometric shape, for example over the entire thickness of the parts to be welded, and it is also conceivable to produce the welded connection only over a defined welding depth, that is not over the entire cross-section. The beam guidance generates local heating of the surface on one of the workpiece parts during the execution of the beam welding process. Due to the local thermal expansion, structure-borne noise is generated in the workpiece part. The structure-borne noise spreads through the workpiece part and on the surface and is thrown back at interfaces, thereby generating surface movements, for example a back wall echo. The surface movements are detected with a sensor. The evaluation of the detected
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    Surface movement signal provides information about the geometry of the workpiece parts and / or the quality of the joined workpiece parts. Likewise, this does not exist, or the weakening of an expected surface movement provides information about the shape of the welded joint or machining of the workpiece by the beam. In the simplest case, the operator monitors the sensor signal on a display, such as analog on an oscilloscope, or digitized on a display.
    In order to achieve high-quality welding in the beam welding process, in particular the electron welding process, a highly precise beam guidance on the weld joint of the workpieces to be joined is necessary. Geometric deviations such as the position of the weld joint must be corrected in the beam guidance or in the workpiece positioning. With thickness tolerances of the workpieces, the parameters of the beam for shaping the weld seam must be adapted to the deviations. For example, an increase in the thickness of the workpieces to be joined leads to a deviation or incompleteness such as incomplete welding or too little seam elevation, and a large change in the thickness can also lead to an insufficient seam depth. Likewise, a reduced thickness may lead to sag of the weld.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the method is the storage of the sensor signal on a data memory. As a result, the signals can be assigned to the joined workpiece or the weld seam produced. This data is particularly advantageous for quality assessment and batch tracking and can be used to improve quality and the process. It is also conceivable to evaluate several data from several welded connections to detect fluctuations in process capability. It is thus possible to determine the tolerances of the workpiece parts as well as permissible material deviations such as alloy differences in terms of their process capability. This allows tolerances to be expanded and preceding processes such as the production and processing of workpiece parts to be carried out more economically.
    It is also advantageous to supply the sensor signal to a programmable computer unit and have it evaluated by a programmable computer unit. As a result, the signal is further processed and presented to the operator in a simplified manner. An example of a simplification is the offsetting of the signal into information such as "OK or" Not OK. Other calculations can be, for example, the output of the calculated thickness information of a workpiece part. This results, for example, from the calculation of the transit time of the structure-borne noise after the reflection on the boundary surface opposite the sensor.
    A further advantageous embodiment is when the programmable computer unit is programmed in such a way that the calculated signal and / or further data such as process data from the beam source and the beam processing machine are used as input data for the calculation to a quality-correlating evaluation, in particular by a mathematical evaluation Model to be offset against it
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    · .. * * .5 ’’ * · to enable an assessment of the quality. Such a mathematical model can also be a data pattern which is compared with validated data patterns.
    A further advantageous embodiment is when the programmable computer unit is programmed in such a way that the calculated signal and / or also further data such as process data of the beam source and the beam processing machine are used as input data for training an artificial neural network. The billed input data is evaluated with the quality of the processing by a quality control. With the trained artificial neural network, the quality of the processing can then be assessed with a very high probability.
    It is also advantageous to train the neural network with a simulation of the processing. Here, a virtual model of the processing, for example, a CAD model ener g i t he. The CAD model is converted into a network of finite elements, for example hexahedra. A material model of the material is assigned to the finite elements. With simulation software, the present, partially simplified model and the spread of structure-borne noise can now be simulated. In a further step, the parameters of the CAD model can be varied. For example, the thickness of the workpiece can be changed in a defined gradation as in hundredths of a millimeter and the simulation model can be generated and evaluated anew. In this way, a freely scalable image of reality can be generated and the influence of tolerances on the evaluation of the recorded sensor data can be determined with simulation. Since a freely scalable image of an already very simple processing with each additional scalable parameter increases in the number of solutions with their product and the simulation duration of a finite element analysis (FEA) can be time-consuming depending on the computing power, it is advantageous to program a neural network , which is trained with the simulation results. The evaluation of a neural network in a software algorithm is many times easier and less tent intensive. While you have an enormous amount of time to carry out the high number of simulations (FEA) during the training of the neural network, this can be done completely via the programmed automatic generation of data such as the creation of the CAD model and the generation of the network from finite elements be automated. Ideally, a correspondingly powerful computer network can be used to train such a network. Whereas the trained neural network requires little computing power in the further application in software algorithms, for example the evaluation of the quality of the beam processing.
    It is also advantageous if the trained neural network is further trained in the production process and other quality criteria. It is thus possible to enable adaptation, in particular machine learning, of the neural network via ongoing production.
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    Another variant provides for the beam guidance to be controlled by the programmable computer unit.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the method is the regulation of the beam guidance by means of a programmable computer unit by feedback of the sensor signal in the control circuit of the beam guidance and / or beam generation. This enables an online method regulation.
    A further advantageous embodiment of the method is the comparison of the regulation of the beam guidance by means of a programmable logic unit by feedback of the sensor signal in the control loop of the beam guidance and / or beam generation. For example, by measuring the thickness or the average thickness of the workpiece, the expected runtimes of the back wall echoes can be compared, and the process can be made more robust for tolerance fluctuations in thickness. This enables online blasting process control.
    The broadband excitation of the workpiece part is particularly advantageous when the structure-borne noise is generated by the beam as local heating. Conventional sensors for generating structure-borne noise, such as piezo crystals, do not generate such a broadband excitation. Due to the broadband excitation in a broad frequency spectrum, the attenuation of certain frequencies in the signal can be recorded in the sensor and thus conclusions can be drawn about material properties such as the structure of the material. By way of example, the change in structure, such as hardening of the material and the depth of hardening during machining with a jet, could be detected with the method according to the invention. Such properties can otherwise only be determined in a destructive manner using structure grinding, microscopy and microhardness testing. Furthermore, the generation of structure-borne noise by means of a beam is an excitation in the workpiece part itself and it is also possible to generate an excitation with a deflected beam which is guided obliquely onto the workpiece surface. Conventional sound generators couple the signal across the surface, preferably in an orthogonal direction to the surface. Piezo crystals, for example, generate no or only minimal longitudinal waves in the surface. A generated heat point, however, also creates longitudinal waves in the surface due to the expansion. These longitudinal waves can preferably be used to measure the transit time on the surface and thus the position of interfaces to the excitation point can be determined. In particular, the distance of the heat point from a workpiece edge or joint connection can be determined. The method according to the invention can thus also detect the position of the joining gap and the beam guidance can be matched to it.
    When a beam welding connection is formed, the change in structure of the HAZ (heat affected zone) runs transversely to the weld joint from the unchanged base material of the one workpiece part via a change in structure such as coarse grain formation due to the heat of the welding process to the structure due to melting by the jet in the weld joint to change the structure due to the heat of the welding process in second workpiece part to the unchanged base material of the second workpiece part. About the sweat and the
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    Characterization of the width across the width can be assessed non-destructively in terms of quality by changing the transit time and damping by changing the structure by the method according to the invention.
    Changes in structure can also be assessed non-destructively by welding a welding bead with or without welding filler onto a workpiece.
    Likewise, reflections and scattering of structure-borne noise at defects can be detected. Exemplary defects are pores and cavities that form cavities. Binding errors can also be detected which have no cavity, but have a phase boundary where no complete material bond is formed by melting the base material. This defect can occur, for example, if the flat surfaces of the workpiece parts lie against one another, but there is no welding by melting. In the case of bonds, such an error is known as a kissing bond.
    The method according to the invention can also be used if only a change in the surface or near-surface layer, such as melting only one workpiece part, in particular structural change in the boundary layer, is carried out by the jet. Such treatments are used, for example, for surface hardening or surface hardening. The structure can also be changed depending on the alloy by the cooling rate in welding technology known as t8 / 5 time. Here, the lattice structure can change, for example with martensite, with the same chemical composition. The grain size can also be changed. The distribution of different phases can also change. Excretions can also change the properties of the material.
    The speed of sound of structure-borne noise also changes in different structures, since this is related to the modulus of elasticity. Chemically, the material has remained almost the same in terms of composition. However, the structure of the structure described above is different. These transitions in the workpiece cause damping in the spread of structure-borne noise. Thus, for example, a hardening layer thickness can be determined using the method according to the invention.
    The method according to the invention can also be used to weld a filler metal onto at least only one workpiece part. Welding fillers are understood to mean solid wires, cored wires, strips and powder which are fed to the beam processing, in particular the welding process, or which are applied to the workpiece part before or during the beam processing. Likewise, if the material becomes molten, it can pick up or release elements if different materials are used. This also changes the damping and can be assessed non-destructively.
    Assessment means the comparison of sensor signals with sensor signals from reference samples. The reference samples will include everyone
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    Process parameters determine the sensor signal and then evaluate the quality using, for example, structural grinding, microscopy, hardness testing. Sufficient reference samples are created for process capability and a lower and upper tolerance limit is set. In this way, a determined sensor signal from a machining operation can be compared with the reference samples and, if it lies between the lower and upper tolerance, can be assessed as “OK”. If the sensor signal is outside the tolerance range, it is assessed as “not OK. It is also advantageous to determine the reference samples by non-destructive testing such as computer tomography or X-ray.
    The task for performing the method according to the invention is made possible by the device described below.
    A beam welding system comprising a beam source, a beam guide for moving the beam relative to at least one workpiece table. A workpiece table for receiving at least one workpiece part. A sensor for detecting the surface movement of the at least one workpiece part. A display to show the sensor signal.
    It is also advantageous if the sensor is a vibrometer. The use of a laser vibrometer is particularly advantageous. With a laser vibrometer, the surface movement in a phase shift of the laser light is determined by an interferometer. This enables a particularly high-resolution detection of the surface movement. The contactless detection of the surface movement by a laser vibrometer is also advantageous.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the sensor is connected to a programmable computer unit. A data memory for storing the signal data can also be provided on this computer unit. It is also advantageous to design the data storage as a cloud and to connect the computer unit to a higher-level computer system via a communication connection. Preferred communication connections are, for example, the widespread Profinet with a TCP / IP as a protocol. This enables high data transfer rates of up to 100 Mbit / s.
    However, it is advantageous to carry out the regulation of the beam guidance and the calculation of the control signal from the sensor data on separate programmable computer units, the provided control signal being made available cyclically in the control cycle to the programmable computer unit. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the rule and the beam guidance by means of a CNC-compatible programmable computer unit. CNC-compatible is understood to mean the synchronization for controlling several movement axes in a certain, constant time cycle, which means that the movements generated are highly precise.
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    A further advantageous embodiment of the device consists in the use of a movement axis for moving the workpiece table and the picked-up workpiece, at least relatively in a direction transverse to the beam. This makes it possible to machine larger workpiece parts on the device.
    It is particularly advantageous to control the beam guidance in a defined area relative to the workpiece table and to control the at least one axis of movement of the workpiece table by means of the programmable computer unit described above, it being possible for the movements to be superimposed in order to carry out the method.
    It is also conceivable that the at least one movement axis positions the at least one workpiece part on the workpiece table, the method is carried out by the beam guidance and then the at least one movement axis moves the workpiece part further to a further position and the method is carried out. Here the execution of the regulation is simpler.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the device has at least one movement axis for moving the sensor relative to the workpiece table.
    When using a laser vibrometer, it is advantageous if the movement axis of the sensor moves the laser beam, for example by moving mirrors. This enables a particularly dynamic movement of the point for the detection of the surface movement of the workpiece part.
    When using a laser vibrometer, it is advantageous if the laser beam can be switched over to another point for detecting the surface movement of the workpiece part via an optical path. For example, the beam can be switched to another optical path by an activatable mirror. For example, the movements of the surface of the workpiece parts can be detected around the beam. For example, the surface movement can be detected leading or lagging the beam in the direction of movement. The surface movement to the left and right of the beam in the direction of movement can also be detected.
    It is also expedient if the laser beam of the laser vibrometer is guided orthogonally onto the workpiece surface. Mainly, movements of the surface in the orthogonal direction to the surface are recorded in the laser signal. Whereas structure-borne sound waves that propagate in the surface, such as longitudinal waves, are hardly recorded in the laser signal.
    It is useful if the laser beam is at an oblique angle, i.e. is not guided orthogonally to the detection point. In this way, longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the surface can be detected.
    It has proven particularly advantageous if the angle of the laser beam of the laser vibrometer can be changed with the surface. The stronger the angle from the
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    is arranged orthogonal direction to the surface, the greater the phase shift of the laser light of the laser vibrometer in the direction of the longitudinal wave in the surface.
    It is advantageous if the device has a closed chamber in which the workpiece is processed. This allows the chamber to be filled with a protective gas or a process gas, which is advantageous when using a laser beam. The chemical composition of the workpiece on the surface can also change. For example, by using gases to harden the surface layer.
    It is also possible to design the chamber as a vacuum chamber. Especially when using an electron beam.
    Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the subclaims and from the description in conjunction with the figures.
    At this point it is noted that the different variants of the method and the advantages resulting therefrom can also be applied analogously to the device presented and vice versa.
    In the introduction, it should be noted that the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols or the same component names, the disclosures contained in the entire description being able to be applied analogously to the same parts with the same reference symbols or the same component symbols. The location information selected in the description, e.g. above, below, laterally etc. refer to the figure described and illustrated immediately and are to be transferred to the new position in the event of a change of position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the exemplary embodiment shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:
    Figure 1 is a schematically illustrated device for processing two workpiece parts for the formation of a welded joint and detection of the surface movement due to the propagation of a structure-borne noise generated by a heat point for controlling the beam guidance.
    2 shows a schematically illustrated device for machining two workpiece parts for the formation of a welded joint and detection of the surface movement as a result of the propagation of structure-borne noise generated by a heat point, to illustrate a detected defect;
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    3 shows a schematically illustrated device for processing a workpiece part for the formation of a weld and detection of the surface movement as a result of the propagation and damping of structure-borne noise generated by a heat point, to illustrate the determination of the shape of the weld;
    Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a workpiece part and the spread of structure-borne noise through heat points in the plan view normal to the beam;
    Fig. 1 shows a schematically illustrated device (1) for processing two workpiece parts (2a, 2b) to a workpiece (3) by means of a beam (4). The connecting surface (5) forms the welded connection (6) by melting the workpiece parts (2a, 2b). The beam source (7) generates the beam and is guided by a beam guide (8). The beam source (7) and the beam guide (8) are connected to a programmable logic unit (9) for regulating and controlling the beam (4). A deflected beam (4a) can thus generate a heat point (11) at any point on the surface (10) of the workpiece (3) or, as shown here, on the workpiece part (2a). The structure-borne sound (12) runs through the workpiece part (2a) and is reflected on the opposite surface (13). The reflected structure-borne sound wave (14) generates a surface movement at the detection point (15). The sensor (16), for example a laser vibrometer, detects the surface movement at the detection point (15) using a laser beam (17). The sensor signal (18) can be shown on a display (19) and or can be connected to the programmable logic unit (9) and or to a data memory (20). The programmable computing unit (9) can be connected to a higher-level computing unit (not shown) or to a computer network via the communication link (21). The workpiece parts (2a, 2b) are or the workpiece (3) is fixed on a workpiece table (22). The workpiece table (22) can be moved relative to the base frame (23) via movement axes (24).
    Fig. 2 shows a schematically illustrated device (1) for processing two workpiece parts (2a, 2b) to a workpiece (3) by means of a beam (4). The connecting surface (5) forms the welded connection (6) by melting the workpiece parts (2a, 2b). An error in the weld connection (6), for example a binding error, interrupts the weld connection and part of the connection surface (5) remains unconnected. The beam source (7) generates the beam and is guided from a beam guide (8) to a deflected beam (4a) at any point on the surface (10) of the workpiece (3) or, as shown here, on the workpiece part (2b) and generates a heat point (11). The structure-borne noise (12) runs through the workpiece part (2b) and through the welded joint (6) and is reflected on the opposite surface (13). The reflected structure-borne sound wave (14) generates a surface movement at the detection point (15). The sensor (16), for example a laser vibrometer, detects the surface movement at the detection point (15) using a laser beam (17). The structure-borne sound wave (14a) in one
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    16/22 * 13 * another reflection point of the surface (13) is reflected again at the connecting surface (5) and does not reach the detection point (15a), shown here in broken lines. This enables the fault to be identified.
    Fig. 3 shows schematically a device (1) for processing a workpiece (3) for the formation of a weld (25). The jet (4) melts the surface (10) of the workpiece (3) and solidification of the molten bath (6a) creates the weld (25), which also has properties other than the base material of the by adding an additional material or welding additive (26) Workpiece (3) can have. A new material property of the workpiece in the weld (25) can also be generated by the cooling rate. A heat point (4), for example sound waves (14) and (14a), is generated on the surface (10a) of the weld (25) via the deflected beam (4a). A detection of the surface movement in the detection point (15) by means of a laser beam (17) enables, for example, the evaluation of the properties of the sound wave (14) and the determination of the shape of the connection of the weld (25). If the material properties are the same, the sound wave (14) is less damped and less scattered or reflected. Changes in the structure of the weld (25) dissipate certain frequencies of the broadband excitation. A sound wave (14a) is also reflected at interfaces and can be detected at the detection point (15a) by a laser beam (17a). Interfaces also represent transitions in material properties such as structural changes.
    Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a workpiece (3) consisting of the workpiece parts (2a) and (2b) on the workpiece table (22) normal to the beam (4). The welded connection (6) connects the workpiece parts (2) and (2b). At the time of welding, the area of the weld connection (6) is a weld pool (6a) and is molten. The welded joint (6) can be formed over the entire workpiece thickness (welded through) or it can also have only a certain thickness (weld depth). The deflected beam can generate heat points (11) and (11a) at any point on the workpiece part surface (10). The structure-borne sound waves (12) and (12a) spread in the excited workpiece part (2a) and can be detected depending on the presence of a welded joint (6) on the surface of the workpiece part (2b). The connecting surface (5) represents an interface for the structure-borne sound wave (12a) and reflects the structure-borne sound wave or dampens the structure-borne sound wave (12a), so that detection at the detection point (15a) is only possible in a very weakened manner (dash-dotted arrow). A reflected structure-borne sound wave (12a) on the connecting surface (5) generates a surface movement of the workpiece surface (10) at the detection point (15b) on the surface of the workpiece part (2a). By determining the propagation time signal of the structure-borne sound wave (12a) at the detection point (15b), the position of the connecting surface (5) can be determined exactly. This makes it possible to adapt the beam guidance of the beam (4) to the position of the connecting surface (5) and the quality and design of the welded joint (6) can be significantly improved. The characteristics of the
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    Welded connection (6) can be determined, for example, by detecting the structure-borne sound wave (12). For example, a large number of heat points and detection points and sensor signals can be combined in any position. In addition, the time dependency of the generation of heat points and detection points and determined sensor signals enables the properties of the workpiece (3) to be calculated, in particular the volume around the welded connection (6).
    The exemplary embodiments show possible design variants, it being noted at this point that the invention is not restricted to the specially illustrated design variants of the same, but rather also various combinations of the individual design variants with one another are possible and this variation possibility is based on the teaching of technical action through the present invention Ability of the specialist working in this technical field.
    The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings are to be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can represent independent inventive solutions. The object on which the independent inventive solutions are based can be found in the description.
    All information on value ranges in the objective description is to be understood so that it includes any and all sub-areas, e.g. the information 1 to 10 is to be understood so that all sub-areas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, are included, i.e. all sections start with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7 or 3.2 to 8.1 or 5.5 to 10.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure, elements have sometimes been shown to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced.
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    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    Device workpiece parts workpiece
    Beam deflected beam connecting surface weld connection beam source beam guide computing unit surface heat point structure-borne sound opposite surface structure-borne sound wave detection point
    Sensor Laser beam Sensor signal Display Data memory Communication link Work table Base frame Movement axes Welding filler metal / filler metal
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    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for processing a workpiece with a beam, characterized in that with the beam (4) a heat point (11) on the workpiece (3) and so structure-borne sound waves (12) are generated in the workpiece (3) and with a sensor (16) Structure-borne sound waves (12) are detected.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam is deflected dynamically during processing and the deflected beam (4a) generates the heat point (11) on the workpiece (3) and thus the structure-borne sound waves (12).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor signal (18) of the sensor (16) is shown on a display (19).
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor signal (18) is recorded on a data memory (20).
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor signal (18) is evaluated in a computer unit (9) for a quality assessment of the workpiece (3) processed by the beam (4).
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor signal (18) in a computer unit (9) via a communication link (21) is transferred to a higher-level computer system or data memory.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor signal (18) in the computing unit (9) for controlling the beam guidance (8) and / or the movement axes (24) of the workpiece (3) is used.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that an algorithm using a neural network is used on the computing unit (9).
    [9]
    9. Device for processing a workpiece by a beam, characterized in that a sensor (16) for measuring the surface movement of the workpiece (3) is arranged.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the sensor (16) is a laser vibrometer.
    [11]
    11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the laser vibrometer is directed obliquely onto the surface of the workpiece (3).
    [12]
    12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the sensor (16) is displaceable relative to the surface of the workpiece (3).
    [13]
    13. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the beam (4) for machining the workpiece (3) is an electron beam.
    [14]
    14. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the beam (4) is displaceable relative to the workpiece (3).
    [15]
    15. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the beam (4) is displaceable relative to the workpiece (3) and that processing of the workpiece (3) by the beam (4) and generation of a heat point (11) on the surface (10 ) of the workpiece (3) by a deflected beam (4a).
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    [17]
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3700850A|1970-09-04|1972-10-24|Western Electric Co|Method for detecting the amount of material removed by a laser|
    US5045669A|1990-03-02|1991-09-03|General Electric Company|Method and apparatus for optically/acoustically monitoring laser materials processing|
    DE10247705A1|2002-10-12|2004-04-22|Volkswagen Ag|Method and device for the controlled machining of workpieces by laser ablation|
    DE102005027363A1|2005-06-14|2006-12-21|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Apparatus and method for monitoring a manufacturing process for producing a through-hole|
    DE102014017780A1|2014-06-07|2015-12-17|Explotech Gmbh|Method for the frequency-specific monitoring of the laser machining of a workpiece with pulsed radiation and apparatus for its implementation|DE102019208037A1|2019-06-03|2020-12-03|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Method and apparatus for improving a laser beam welding process|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT4422017A|AT520842B1|2017-11-13|2017-11-13|Method and apparatus for machining a workpiece with a jet|AT4422017A| AT520842B1|2017-11-13|2017-11-13|Method and apparatus for machining a workpiece with a jet|
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